he United States has abdicated responsibility from the Paris Climate Agreement – going where only Syria and Nicaragua have gone before, in refusing to play by globally agreed rules. While this is a blow for the fight against climate change, recent history suggests that a new “G3” – the EU, China and India – can fill the vacuum in leadership, plus the private sector in the US is already committed to renewable energy.
There are three reasons to be hopeful:

1) US private sector and finance still support renewables

The US is a leading source of renewable energy technology and finance, and is at the forefront of research around emerging frontiers such as energy storage. It has pledged the largest amount to the Green Climate Fund ($3bn) of which $1bn has already been disbursed. The rest of the contribution is now threatened, which could be an impediment to technology transfer to the developing world. However the American private sector is likely to step up in its quest to reach global markets and push towards price competitiveness as well. Signals from industry support this – General Electric CEO Jeff Immelt recently tweeted: “Industry must now lead and not depend on government.”
On the financing side, the increasing value of renewables may mitigate the effect of any reductions to the Green Climate Fund. For example, 2016 saw deals in many countries where the cost of solar energy was well below the cost of power from coal.

2) The US is no longer leading the way

There have been worries that the US exit from the Paris Agreement will trigger others to do the same. This is unlikely as narratives have shifted away from this being a zero-sum game, towards being a goal that is worth acting upon in national interest. A move away from fossil fuels used to imply losing global competitiveness, but now the prices of renewable energy now suggest otherwise.
Europe and the global south, including rising powers India and China remain vocally committed to the Paris Agreement, fighting climate change and adopting renewable energy. The boom in renewable energy investments in India, China, Japan, US and EU countries have led renewable prices to plummet; this is unlikely to abate.
We believe that all is not lost – the stars are aligning towards a new triumvirate, consisting of India, China and the EU, that can lead the fight against climate change. Each will bring a unique but complementary set of leadership qualities.

3) The new global leaders are making progress

The EU is showing strong leadership on climate change. Several European countries have developed renewable-friendly policies; almost 90% of new capacity in Europe in 2016 came from renewables. A strong private sector has been expanding globally as well. Statements made by the leadership – such as the EU/China joint statement, and Italy, France and Germany’s refusal to renegotiate Paris – are positive signs.
The combined EU pledge to the Green Climate Fund, at $4.8bn, is significant; however, financing flows towards the global south will have to increase, through the development finance or private investment. We don’t know whether that will happen, although the EU is showing signs of a more assertive foreign policy (in response to Brexit, a withdrawing America, and a more assertive Russia) and the architects of a new EU consensus on development are promising to step into the leadership gap left by the US.
China has articulated its desire to lead, and has backed it up with domestic actions. While meeting domestic targets will support the Paris Agreement’s agenda, it could step into more of a global leadership role by extending its expertise and financial support for infrastructure in developing countries. This can be done by including it as a core component to its various bilateral project development initiatives (such as in Africa), as well as by leveraging multilateral institutions such as the New Development Bank and Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank.
For India, a knowledge-rich and resource-lite approach may be the most feasible due to financial constraints. It has been aggressively building renewable capacity, and could well exceed Paris targets – the draft National Electricity Plan projects that 57% of electricity capacity will come from non-fossil fuel sources by 2027, compared to the Paris target of 40% by 2030. This plan projects that no new coal-based power will be required; the recent cancellation of coal-based power projects back this up. India has also pushed for a commercially sound policy framework, exemplified by its auction system. Though not without flaws, India’s experiences are invaluable and can be shared with other developing countries through research and development, capacity building, technical assistance and project development via experienced Indian firms. One promising route is through the International Solar Alliance (hosted by India), which will seek to promote innovative policies, demonstration projects, and capacity building measures, as well as leverage financial instruments to mobilise over $1tn investments by 2030.
While the American exit has been a setback for the global fight against climate change, India, China and EU should view this as an opportunity to lead. This will not, by itself, close the gap to achieve the two degrees Celsius goal, but it could flip the narrative and propel a virtuous cycle of action by others. Supported by a sound commercial argument, now is the time for the new G3 to demonstrate climate leadership.

Fonte: The Guardian

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